Departments ENGLISH STRUGGLE AND SURVIVAL IN A COWRIE OF HOPE BY BINWELL SINYANGWE AND THE CARDINALS BY BESSIE HEAD

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STRUGGLE AND SURVIVAL IN A COWRIE OF HOPE BY BINWELL SINYANGWE AND THE CARDINALS BY BESSIE HEAD
STRUGGLE AND SURVIVAL IN A COWRIE OF HOPE BY BINWELL SINYANGWE AND THE CARDINALS BY BESSIE HEAD

ABSTRACT

Life is a battle for struggle and survival. Struggle and survival are as old as man. Every second, man is on the move, thinking of what to do and how to do it in order to survive. This project, therefore, examines the ways the two novelists presented their characters in their attempts to depict the various methods people adopt in their struggles for survival in this hard and harsh environment. This work also explores the artistic features as were conveniently deployed in their works by the novelists. There are injustices in the world, because man is struggling for his survival and is important man should mind the way he go about this.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Certification ii

Approval Page iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgements v

Abstract vi

Table of contents vii

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Statement of Problem

Purpose of Study

Significance of Study

Scope of Study

Research Methodology

CHAPTER TWO

Review of Related Literatures

CHAPTER THREE

Struggle and Survival: The examples of Sinyangwe, A Cowrie of Hope and Heads, The Cardinals

CHAPTER FOUR

Artistry and Creativity in A Cowrie of Hope by Binwell Sinyangwe and The Cardinals By Bessie Head

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 39

Works Cited

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Life is full of struggles. Man lives in a hard and harsh environment where he struggles, toils and labours from day to day in order to survive.

Every living thing on earth struggles for survival, both plants and animals. Plants struggle, searching for sunlight to survive. Even lower animals with low mentality struggle for survival. Human beings are not left out. A baby that is still in the womb struggles for food and searches for a way out during labour, to show that struggles of human beings start right from the womb.

There are many types of struggles namely, political struggle, economic struggle, family struggle and so on. But all these struggles lead to one thing which is survival.

The seventh edition of Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary defines struggle as to try very hard to do something when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems, while explaining survival as the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or dangers or something that has continued to exist from an earlier time 1491. In a similar vein, the Websters Dictionary enters struggle as to use great effort to labor hard; to strive; to contend forcibly; as to struggle to save ones life 203.

Whereas all the above definitions are apt, we choose to align with an online posted material which adds that survival is meeting your basic needs for food, shelter, clothing, transport and health care. Survival goes hand in hand with success.

Davil Salti, a Palestinian who lives in the Middle East says:

The one who does not know the struggle of life is either an immature soul or a soul who has risen above the life of this world. The object of human being in this world is to attain to perfection of humanity, and therefore, it is necessary that one should go through what we call the struggle of life. Because life means a continual battle. Ones success, failure, happiness or unhappiness mostly depends upon ones knowledge of the battle. Whatever be ones occupation in life, whatever be ones knowledge, if one lacks the knowledge of the battle of life, one lack the most important knowledge of all www.goggles.com.

As soon as man loses his courage to go through the struggle of life, the burden of the whole world falls on his head. But he who goes on struggling through life, he alone makes his way. One must study the nature of life; one must understand the psychology of this struggle. In order to understand this struggle, one must observe that there are three sides to it:

struggle with oneself, struggle with others and struggle with circumstances. One person may be capable of struggling with himself, but is not sufficient; another is able to struggle with other, but even that is not enough. A third person may answer the demand of circumstance but that is not enough either. What is needed is that the three should be studied and learnt, and one must be able to manage the struggle in all three directions. The one who struggles with himself first is the wisest, for he has struggle with himself, which is the most difficult struggle. The other struggles will become easy for him.

What is the nature of the struggle with oneself It has three aspects; the first is to make ones thought, speech and action answer the demands of ones own ideal, while at the same time give expression to all the impulses and desires which belong to one nature being. The next aspect of the struggle with oneself is to fit in with others, with their various ideas and demands. For this, a man has to make himself as narrow or as wide as the place that ask him to fill, which is a delicate matter, difficult for all to comprehend and practise. And the third aspect of struggle with oneself is to give accommodation to others in ones own life, in ones own heart, large or small as the demand may be.


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