CHEMICAL/MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF WATER EXTRACTS OF Hibiscus sabdariffa

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

Approval page ii

Dedication page iii

Acknowledgement iv

List of tables v

Table of contents vi

Abstract ix

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

1.1 Suggestions for further research 3

1.2 Objective of study 3

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review

2.0 Scientific Classification of roselle hibiscus sabdariffa. 4

2.1 Effect on smooth muscle 5

2.2 Effect on blood pressure 5

2.3 Anticancer and antioxidant activity 6

2.4 Anticholesterol effects 7

2.5 Hibiscus sabdariffa plant profile 8

2.5.1 Constituents of hibiscus sabdariffa 9

2.5.2 Herbal medicine and plants 10

2.5.3 Medicinal benefits of hibiscus sabdariffa 10

2.6 Flavonoid contents of fruits and vegetables fruits 12

2.7 Preparation of zobo made from Hibiscus sabdariffa 14

2.8 Characteristics of roselle. 14

2.9 Uses of roselle hibiscus sabdariffa. 16

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods

3.0 Materials 18

3.1 Extraction procedure/plant materials 18

3.1.1 Plant materials 18

3.1.2 Extract preparation 18

3.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination 19

3.3 Phytochemical Analysis 19

3.3.1 Preparation of reagents for phytochemical analysis 19

3.4 Acute toxicity study 21

Chapter Four: Results

4.0 Phytochemical analysis 22

4.1 Calcium 23

4.2 Magnesium 24

4.3 Sodium 25

4.4 Potassium 25

4.5 Manganese 25

4.6 Iron 26

4.7 Copper 26

4.8 Zinc 27

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion

5.1 Discussion 28

5.1 Conclussion 29

References 30

Appendix 1: Gallery of Hibiscus sabdariffa 35

ABSTRACT

This work was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the water extract of zobo Hibiscus sabdariffa drink using the modern atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Zobo drink is a popular drink in the Nigeria, especially in the northern part of Nigeria. The result of the analysis indicated that the drink is high in vital mineral nutrients required for the healthy growth by humans and for the proper metabolic processes to be adequately maintained. Zobo drink is high, as indicated in the result, in iron a major component of the human haemoglobin, when compared with other leaf like the popular vegetable leaf known as awa Piper methysticum.