MPACT OF SUBSTITUTING STANDARD MATERIALS WITH LOCAL MATERIALS ON THE ACHIEVEMENT AND INTEREST OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY IN IMO STATE

ABSTRACT

The usefulness of science and its relevance to man is unending and cannot be quantified, but the teaching and learning of it requires an effective method of instruction. This study therefore investigated the impact of substituting standard materials with local materials on the academic achievement and interest of students in chemistry in Imo state. It covered the topics; acids, bases and acidbase reactions. Four research questions and four hypotheses were stated respectively, relevant literatures were also reviewed. The research design employed was a quasiexperimental research design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to place schools in strata of male and female category, while a random sampling technique was used to select schools from each stratum into experimental and control groups. Data was collected using two instruments namely; chemistry achievement test and chemistry interest scale, data was analysed using mean and ANCOVA at 0.05 significant levels. The findings of the study revealed that, students taught chemistry with local instructional materials significantly achieved more than those taught with standard instructional materials, though both possessed similar interest in chemistry. It was also revealed that there was an interaction between gender and instructional material in achievement. Based on this, it was concluded that the use of local materials can create a meaningful practical experience for chemistry students and still arouse their interest in the subject. Recommendations made include that chemistry teachers should make chemistry classes more interesting and rewarding with the use of local materials.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATION ii

APROVAL PAGE iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

DEDICATION v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF APPENDICES x

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

Background to the Study 1

Statement of problem 4

Purpose of the Study 5

Significance of the Study 6

Scope of the Study 7

Research Questions 8

Hypotheses 8

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

Conceptual Frame work 11

Concept of Substitution in chemistry 11

Concept of Local materials in chemistry 12

Concept of Achievement in Science 13

Concept of interest 15

Theoretical Framework 16

Sensory Stimulation Theory 16

Social Development Theory 17

Interest theories view 18

Theoretical Studies 20

Historical Development for Substitution in Science Education 20

The Teaching of Science 22

Gender Difference in Achievement 23

Gender Difference in Interest 26

Effects of Interest on Learning in school and educational success 28

Teaching Chemistry to Develop Entrepreneurial Skill 30

Resources for Teaching Science 32

Relationship between Educational Resources and Students Achievement 34

Effectiveness of substituting Local Materials 37

The Role of Teachers in Substituting local materials 39

Empirical Studies Related to this Study 41

Summary 42

CHAPTER THREE: METHOD 45

Research Design 45

Area of the Study 46

Population of the Study 47

Sampling and Sampling Technique 47

Instrument for Data Collection 48

Validation of the Instrument 49

Reliability of the Instruments 49

Experimental procedure 50

Local materials used 51

Control of variables 52

Method of Data Collection 53

Methods of data analysis 53

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 54

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS 61

Discussion of result 61

Implication of the findings 63

Conclusion 64

Recommendation 65

Limitations of the study 66

Suggestions for further research 66

References 68

Appendices 79

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Experimental design for the study 46

2: Mean achievement scores of students in experimentaland control group 55

3: Mean achievement of male and female students in both groups 56

4: Mean achievement score of students in experimental andcontrol group 57

5: Mean interest score of male and female students in CIS 57

6: Summary of ANCOVA result for CAT 58

7: Summary of ANCOVA result for CIS 59

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A: Scheme of work for the study 79

B: Daily Lesson Plan used for experimental group 80

C: Daily Lesson plan used for control group 97

D: Chemistry Achievement Test 114

E: Answer to Chemistry Achievement Test 117

F: List of Secondary Schools in Owerri Educational Zone I 119

G: Sampled Schools for the Study 120

H: Students raw scores on achievement and interest 126

I: Twoway analysis of covariance ANCOVA for CAT 125

J: Twoway analysis of covariance ANCOVA for CIS 126

K: Chemistry Interest Scale 127

L: Table of specification on which CAT was built 128

M: letter of introduction from the researchers supervisor 129

N: corrections made by validations on CIS 130